What does 'bio-dynamic' farming include beyond organic techniques?

The concept of bio-dynamic farming extends beyond traditional organic techniques by incorporating unique agricultural practices that emphasize ecological balance and a holistic approach to farming. Specifically, it includes the use of lunar cycles and ecological diversity practices. These practices involve planting and harvesting according to the phases of the moon, which is believed to influence plant growth and soil health, as well as employing techniques that promote biodiversity, such as crop rotations, cover crops, and integration of livestock.

This holistic approach is rooted in the idea that a farm is a self-sustaining ecosystem, and that maintaining ecological harmony is essential for producing healthy crops. It distinguishes bio-dynamic farming from standard organic practices, which focus primarily on avoiding synthetic chemicals but may not necessarily emphasize the same level of ecological stewardship.

The other options reflect practices that are contrary to the principles of bio-dynamic farming. For example, the use of synthetic pesticides and genetically modified organisms go against the foundational principles of both organic and bio-dynamic agriculture, which advocate for natural and holistic methods. Similarly, a focus on monoculture practices contradicts the bio-dynamic approach, which values biodiversity and the health of the entire farm ecosystem.